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El golpe de Estado en Chile del 11 de septiembre de 1973 fue una acción militar llevada a cabo por parte de las Fuerzas Armadas de Chile junto a Carabineros para derrocar al presidente socialista Salvador Allende y al gobierno izquierdista de la Unidad Popular.
Salvador Allende asumió en 1970 como Presidente de Chile, siendo el primer político de orientación marxista en Occidente que accedió al poder a través de elecciones generales en un Estado de Derecho. Su gobierno, de marcado carácter reformista, se caracterizó por una creciente polarización política en la sociedad y una dura crisis económica que desembocó en una fuerte convulsión social.
La posibilidad de ejecutar un golpe de Estado contra el gobierno de Allende existió incluso antes de su elección. El gobierno de Estados Unidos, dirigido por el presidente Richard Nixon y su secretario de Estado Henry Kissinger, influyeron decisivamente en grupos opositores a Allende, financiando y apoyando activamente la realización de un golpe de Estado.1 2 3 n 1 n 2 Dentro de estas acciones se encuentran el asesinato del general René Schneider y el Tanquetazo, una sublevación militar en julio de 1973.
A mediados del año 1973, tras el Tanquetazo, grupos dentro de la Armada de Chile planean derrocar al gobierno,4 al que posteriormente se suman los altos mandos de la Fuerza Aérea y grupos dentro de Carabineros. Días antes de la fecha planificada para la acción militar, se sumó Augusto Pinochet, comandante en jefe del Ejército. En la mañana del 11 de septiembre, las cúpulas de las Fuerzas Armadas y de Orden lograron rápidamente controlar gran parte del país y exigieron la renuncia inmediata de Salvador Allende, quien se refugió en el Palacio de La Moneda. Tras el bombardeo de la sede presidencial, Allende se suicidó y la resistencia en el Palacio fue neutralizada.
El golpe de Estado marcó el fin del gobierno de la Unidad Popular, que sería seguida por el establecimiento de una junta militar liderada por Pinochet. Chile, que hasta ese entonces se mantenía como una de las democracias más estables en América Latina, entró en una dictadura cívico-militar que se extendió hasta 1990. Durante este período, fueron cometidas sistemáticas violaciones a los derechos humanos,5 6 se limitó la libertad de expresión, se suprimieron los partidos políticos y el Congreso Nacional fue disuelto.
Fuente : wikipedia
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Salvador Allende
Augusto Pinochet
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[English]
The 1973 Chilean coup d'état was a watershed event of the Cold War and the history of Chile. Following an extended period of social and political unrest between the conservative-dominated Congress of Chile and the elected socialist President Salvador Allende, including economic warfare ordered by President Richard Nixon, who infamously said, "Make the economy scream," Allende was overthrown in a coup d’état.
The U.S.-backed junta was composed of the heads of the Air Force, Navy, Carabineros (police force) and the Army, though Pinochet eventually arose to supreme power within a year after the coup, formally assuming the presidency in late 1974. Pinochet later assumed power and ended Allende's elected Popular Unity government, instigating a campaign of terror on its supporters which included the murder of former Foreign Minister Orlando Letelier. Before Pinochet's rule, Chile had for decades been hailed as a beacon of democracy and political stability in a South America plagued by military juntas and Caudillismo.
During the air raids and ground attacks that preceded the coup, Allende gave his last speech, in which he vowed to stay in the presidential palace, denouncing offers for safe passage should he choose exile over confrontation. Direct witness accounts of his death agree that he committed suicide in the palace. After the coup, the junta established a military dictatorship with support from the CIA and DIA, that ruled Chile until 1990; it was marked by numerous human rights violations. A weak insurgent movement against the Pinochet government was maintained inside Chile by elements sympathetic to the former Allende government, and a plebiscite in 1988 eventually removed Pinochet from power.
The United States played a role in the events, funding the conservative opposition and utilising the Central Intelligence Agency in sabotage campaigns to encourage a coup; subsequently supporting the Allende government's replacement with a military junta led by Army Commander-in-Chief Augusto Pinochet.
source : wikipedia
Salvador Allende
Augusto Pinochet
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