Article
新华视点【我国宣布划设东海防空识别区】中华人民共和国政府根据一九九七年三月十四日《中华人民共和国国防法》、一九九五年十月三十日《中华人民共和国民用航空法》和二〇〇一年七月二十七日《中华人民共和国飞行基本规则》，宣布划设东海防空识别区。具体范围为以下六点连线与我领海线之间空域范围：北纬33度11分、东经121度47分，北纬33度11分、东经125度00分，北纬31度00分、东经128度20分，北纬25度38分、东经125度00分，北纬24度45分、东经123度00分，北纬26度44分、东经120度58分。
中华人民共和国东海防空识别区航空器识别规则公告
中华人民共和国国防部根据中国政府关于划设东海防空识别区的声明，现将东海防空识别区航空器识别规则公告如下：
一、位于中华人民共和国东海防空识别区（以下简称东海防空识别区）飞行的航空器，必须遵守本规则。
二、位于东海防空识别区飞行的航空器，必须提供以下识别方式：
（一）飞行计划识别。位于东海防空识别区飞行的航空器，应当向中华人民共和国外交部或民用航空局通报飞行计划。
（二）无线电识别。位于东海防空识别区飞行的航空器，必须开启并保持双向无线电通信联系，及时准确回答东海防空识别区管理机构或其授权单位的识别询问。
（三）应答机识别。位于东海防空识别区飞行的航空器，配有二次雷达应答机的应当全程开启。
（四）标志识别。位于东海防空识别区飞行的航空器，必须按照有关国际公约规定，明晰标示国籍和登记识别标志。
三、位于东海防空识别区飞行的航空器，应当服从东海防空识别区管理机构或其授权单位的指令。对不配合识别或者拒不服从指令的航空器，中国武装力量将采取防御性紧急处置措施。
四、东海防空识别区管理机构是中华人民共和国国防部。
五、本规则由中华人民共和国国防部负责解释。
六、本规则自2013年11月23日10时起施行。
延伸阅读：【讲武堂】日本防空识别区的霸道
防空识别区(ADIZ： Air Defense Identification Zone)指的是一国基于空防需要，单方面所划定的空域，以利于军方迅速定位管制。20世纪50年代，军用作战飞机进入喷气时代，航速比螺旋桨飞机有质的提升，美国军方率先在阿拉斯加以北设立北美防空识别区，防范苏联战机的入侵，随后北约国家纷纷模仿。冷战期间，日本同样处于对抗苏联的第一线，驻日美军与日本政府一道也划出了日本防空识别区。
防空识别区是一国的单方面设定，并非一定会得到邻国的认同。与其他建立了防空识别区的国家相比，日本防空识别区的划定范围更是可以用“霸道”一词来形容。
日本防空识别区为北、中、西、西南四个区。其中北区主要为北纬39度以北即北海道和本州部分地区，中区为北纬34度以北的本州大部、四国部分地区和首都东京地区，西区主要包括本州西部、四国大部和九州全部，西南区则包括了冲绳地区、日本西南岛屿及东海地区。日本防空识别区是一个巨大的五边形，其最西部距离中国大陆东海海岸线仅130公里，最南部与中国台湾的防空识别区呈重叠状态，西北部更是过分到距离俄罗斯海岸不足50公里。
与本次事件相关，日本防空识别区的霸道还在于，其跨越日本主张的东海中间线，将中间线以西的中国东海油气田全部囊括其中。详细>>
■ 事实+
日防空识别区距浙江仅130公里 囊括钓鱼岛空域
新华网报道，此前日本不断炒作中国飞机进入其“防空识别区”，这个所谓的“防空识别区”，却远远大于其本土面积，将我国的春晓油气田和钓鱼岛空域都划入其中。作为二战的战败国，日本哪来这么大的“防空识别区”？
日本不断单方面扩大其“防空识别区”
“1945年日本投降后，美国划定了日本周边的‘防空识别区’，由驻日美军管控，直到1969年，尼克松为了摆脱越战泥潭、从亚洲战略收缩，才下令驻日美军将这一权力移交给日方。”
据社科院日本研究所副所长杨伯江透露，1969年交接以后，日本不断单方面扩大其“防空识别区”。“一次是1972年5月，第二次是在2010年，都将其向西向中国方向扩张。”
杨伯江指出，对这个划到别人家门口的“防空识别区”，日本一再振振有词地声称其是从美国人手里接管的，这是一个谎言，有其随意性、不合理性与非法性。
据外媒透露，为有效监控本国“防空识别区”，日本不惜耗费大量人力、物力，运用各种技术手段，对进入区域的不明飞行器展开“复合式探测”。
而按照日本《自卫队法》第84条规定，对于进入“防空识别区”乃至本国领空的可疑目标，日方将进入以下警告程序——雷达探测、比对飞行路线、紧急呼叫、战机紧急升空、战机发出无线电警告、战机摆动机翼警告、要求迫降、信号弹警告射击。一旦己方飞机、日本国土、海上船舶遭对方袭击，自卫队将发起“防卫作战”。
中俄从未承认日本的所谓“防空识别区”
“这个防空识别区毕竟不是领空，中国、俄罗斯从来没有承认过日本的所谓‘防空识别区’。”著名军事理论家张召忠海军少将说，“钓鱼岛我们宣布了领海基点基线，那是我们的领海领空，跟日本没关系。在东海，日本冲绳领海以外的空域，我们的飞机可以随便飞，完全合法。”
张召忠认为，按日方的说法，如果中国飞机进入钓鱼岛上空，他就可以进入上述的警告程序，但是他不敢，别看嘴上强硬，对于使用武力其实一直非常慎重。
1987年12月9日，4架苏联图-16中程轰炸机靠近冲绳，日方紧急起飞4架F-4EJ战机拦截。其中，有一架图-16继续靠近，并先后进入冲绳和德之岛领空，尾随的F-4EJ发射曳光弹促使苏机掉头返航，并未真正开火攻击。
不过杨伯江提出，虽然过去日本对使用武力比较小心，但目前日本的军事战略在经历一个大的转折点，特别是给基层放权，比较令人关注。最近两年，日本已经给海上保安厅放权，加大在前线指挥官的权力。
“在这样的背景下，如果外国飞行器进入其所谓‘防空识别区’，同时日方前线指挥官手里又有处置权的话，那么擦枪走火、发生突发事件的危险性将会上升。”杨伯江认为，这样的趋势，值得我们高度警惕。
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About the game:
USA as a world power? In E-Sim it is possible!
In E-Sim we have a huge, living world, which is a mirror copy of the Earth. Well, maybe not completely mirrored, because the balance of power in this virtual world looks a bit different than in real life. In E-Sim, USA does not have to be a world superpower, It can be efficiently managed as a much smaller country that has entrepreneurial citizens that support it's foundation. Everything depends on the players themselves and how they decide to shape the political map of the game.
Work for the good of your country and see it rise to an empire.
Activities in this game are divided into several modules. First is the economy as a citizen in a country of your choice you must work to earn money, which you will get to spend for example, on food or purchase of weapons which are critical for your progress as a fighter. You will work in either private companies which are owned by players or government companies which are owned by the state. After progressing in the game you will finally get the opportunity to set up your own business and hire other players. If it prospers, we can even change it into a joint-stock company and enter the stock market and get even more money in this way.
In E-Sim, international wars are nothing out of the ordinary.
Become an influential politician.
The second module is a politics. Just like in real life politics in E-Sim are an extremely powerful tool that can be used for your own purposes. From time to time there are elections in the game in which you will not only vote, but also have the ability to run for the head of the party you're in. You can also apply for congress, where once elected you will be given the right to vote on laws proposed by your fellow congress members or your president and propose laws yourself. Voting on laws is important for your country as it can shape the lives of those around you. You can also try to become the head of a given party, and even take part in presidential elections and decide on the shape of the foreign policy of a given state (for example, who to declare war on). Career in politics is obviously not easy and in order to succeed in it, you have to have a good plan and compete for the votes of voters.
You can go bankrupt or become a rich man while playing the stock market.
The international war.
The last and probably the most important module is military. In E-Sim, countries are constantly fighting each other for control over territories which in return grant them access to more valuable raw materials. For this purpose, they form alliances, they fight international wars, but they also have to deal with, for example, uprisings in conquered countries or civil wars, which may explode on their territory. You can also take part in these clashes, although you are also given the opportunity to lead a life as a pacifist who focuses on other activities in the game (for example, running a successful newspaper or selling products).
At the auction you can sell or buy your dream inventory.
E-Sim is a unique browser game. It's creators ensured realistic representation of the mechanisms present in the real world and gave all power to the players who shape the image of the virtual Earth according to their own. So come and join them and help your country achieve its full potential.
Invest, produce and sell - be an entrepreneur in E-Sim.
Take part in numerous events for the E-Sim community.
