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重温毛主席的《论持久战》下 (Military)
Posted 11 years ago by
vwwj    
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(六)这些问题的主要论点,还在两年之前我们就一般地指出了。还在一九三六年七月十六日,即在西安事变前五个月,卢沟桥事变前十二个月,我同美国记者斯诺先生的谈话中,就已经一般地估计了中日战争的形势,并提出了争取胜利的各种方针。为备忘计,不妨抄录几段如下:

  问:在什么条件下,中国能战胜并消灭日本帝国主义的实力呢?

  答:要有三个条件:第一是中国抗日统一战线的完成;第二是国际抗日统一战线的完成;第三是日本国内人民和日本殖民地人民的革命运动的兴起。就中国人民的立场来说,三个条件中,中国人民的大联合是主要的。

  问:你想,这个战争要延长多久呢?

  答:要看中国抗日统一战线的实力和中日两国其他许多决定的因素如何而定。即是说,除了主要地看中国自己的力量之外,国际间所给中国的援助和日本国内革命 的援助也很有关系。如果中国抗日统一战线有力地发展起来,横的方面和纵的方面都有效地组织起来,如果认清日本帝国主义威胁他们自己利益的各国政府和各国人 民能给中国以必要的援助,如果日本的革命起来得快,则这次战争将迅速结束,中国将迅速胜利。如果这些条件不能很快实现,战争就要延长。但结果还是一样,日 本必败,中国必胜。只是牺牲会大,要经过一个很痛苦的时期。

  问:从政治上和军事上来看,你以为这个战争的前途会要如何发展?

  答:日本的大陆政策已经确定了,那些以为同日本妥协,再牺牲一些中国的领土主权就能够停止日本进攻的人们,他们的想法只是一种幻想。我们确切地知道,就 是扬子江下游和南方各港口,都已经包括在日本帝国主义的大陆政策之内。并且日本还想占领菲律宾、暹罗、越南、马来半岛和荷属东印度,把外国和中国切开,独 占西南太平洋。这又是日本的海洋政策。在这样的时期,中国无疑地要处于极端困难的地位。可是大多数中国人相信,这种困难是能够克服的;只有各大商埠的富人 是失败论者,因为他们害怕损失财产。有许多人想,一旦中国海岸被日本封锁,中国就不能继续作战。这是废话。为反驳他们,我们不妨举出红军的战争史。在抗日 战争中,中国所占的优势,比内战时红军的地位强得多。中国是一个庞大的国家,就是日本能占领中国一万万至二万万人口的区域,我们离战败还很远呢。我们仍然 有很大的力量同日本作战,而日本在整个战争中须得时时在其后方作防御战。中国经济的不统一、不平衡,对于抗日战争反为有利。例如将上海和中国其他地方割 断,对于中国的损害,绝没有将纽约和美国其他地方割断对于美国的损害那样严重。日本就是把中国沿海封锁,中国的西北、西南和西部,它是无法封锁的。所以问 题的中心点还是中国全体人民团结起来,树立举国一致的抗日阵线。这是我们早就提出了的。

  问:假如战争拖得很长,日本没有完全战败,共产党能否同意讲和,并承认日本统治东北?

  答:不能。中国共产党和全国人民一样,不容许日本保留中国的寸土。

  问:照你的意见,这次解放战争,主要的战略方针是什么?

  答:我们的战略方针,应该是使用我们的主力在很长的变动不定的战线上作战。中国军队要胜利,必须在广阔的战场上进行高度的运动战,迅速地前进和迅速地后 退,迅速地集中和迅速地分散。这就是大规模的运动战,而不是深沟高垒、层层设防、专靠防御工事的阵地战。这并不是说要放弃一切重要的军事地点,对于这些地 点,只要有利,就应配置阵地战。但是转换全局的战略方针,必然要是运动战。阵地战虽也必需,但是属于辅助性质的第二种的方针。在地理上,战场这样广大,我 们作最有效的运动战,是可能的。日军遇到我军的猛烈活动,必得谨慎。他们的战争机构很笨重,行动很慢,效力有限。如果我们集中兵力在一个狭小的阵地上作消 耗战的抵抗,将使我军失掉地理上和经济组织上的有利条件,犯阿比西尼亚的错误。战争的前期,我们要避免一切大的决战,要先用运动战逐渐地破坏敌人军队的精 神和战斗力。

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