Esim - 流传了50年的谎言:美国国务卿拒绝和周恩来握手
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huoxuan


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流传了50年的谎言:美国国务卿拒绝和周恩来握手 (Fun)
Posted 11 years ago by
huoxuan    
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流传了50年的谎言:美国国务卿拒绝和周恩来握手
一提到日内瓦会议,很多人马上就会想起当年美国国务卿杜勒斯拒绝跟周恩来握手的传闻,就连大名鼎鼎的美国前国务卿基辛格博士也在他的《白宫岁月》中说“周恩来对1954年杜勒斯拒绝和他握手的怠慢之举耿耿于怀。”而若干年后,美国前总统尼克松则为了弥补杜勒斯的无礼之举,在1972年他访问中国走下飞机舷梯时,主动向周恩来伸出手来,云云。
可见该传闻已是世界性的,且有相当档次了。除了流传之广,传闻之绘声绘色,非当时即跟随周恩来左右,决不可能看得如此真切。
然而,据作为中国代表团秘书长,在日内瓦会议期间始终陪伴在周恩来左右的王炳南回忆,所谓拒绝握手之说,纯属演绎。
对此,王炳南曾回忆道:
有人说,在日内瓦期间,周恩来总理要同杜勒斯握手,被杜勒斯拒绝了。实际上并没有发生过这样的事。在整个会议期间,我始终在周总理左右。开会时,每次都是我陪着周总理入场。事先我对于从哪个门进去,座位在哪里,都了解得很清楚。我在前引路,周总理和代表团成员跟着我一直进入我们的座位。
会场座位是按每个国家的英文名称的第一个字母排列的。中国CHINA,C在前,美国USA,U排在后面,和苏联代表团在一起,距离我们很远。国联大厦会议大厅有好几个入口处,我们同美国代表团不是从同一门进入会场,不可能碰在一起。会议中间有15分钟休息,代表团成员可以到餐厅、酒吧间去吃点心、喝咖啡、茶和酒。我们代表团从不和美国代表团聚在一起。而且,总理非常审慎和严谨。杜勒斯是坚决反共的头子,总理从来就没想去和他握手。
据说,会议期间曾有记者问美方代表史密斯:“杜勒斯和周恩来有没有什么接触?”
史密斯回答:“如果有接触的话,那就是我们在卫生间用过同一条手巾。”
还有美国记者报道说:“虽然杜勒斯差不多每天都和周恩来在同一间房间里,但他从没有和他碰头,也没有和他说过话。”
笔者也借助外交档案反复查证,始终没有发现相关记载,应该说,王炳南的回忆是真实可靠和具有权威性的。
其实,即使是处于敌对状态的两个国家,其外交官也是可以握手的,这是外交礼节,不是原则问题。
王炳南在外交部曾经处理过一件事情。当时,中国驻丹麦的一个武官应邀前往一个军事俱乐部参加活动,在那里跟美国武官碰上了。美国武官上来握手,被我们的武官断然拒绝,使在场的人都感到很尴尬。
这件事一直报告到周恩来那里。后来外交部做出规定,如果在外交场合碰到美国人,我们不主动上前跟他握手,但是如果对方来跟我们握手,也不要拒绝,要礼尚往来。
拒绝握手之说虽是杜撰,但当时中美关系之紧张,导致连双方的握手都较引人注意却也是事实。
美国人是带着对中国的敌视来到日内瓦的。
前面说过,美国本来坚决反对邀请中国作为五大国之一出席会议,但如果没有中国的参加,无论是朝鲜问题还是印度支那问题,都不可能得到解决,最后只好妥协一步。
杜勒斯这个人是律师出身,是个极端反苏反华和仇视共产主义的人。他在军队里服役的时候升至陆军少校,1949年出任参议员,随后担任总统的私人代表和国务院顾问。
1953年1月,杜勒斯出任美国国务卿,一直推行反共政策。他曾策划和组织了片面对日和约,极力主张将美国第七舰队开进台湾海峡,而且是对华封锁、遏制政策的积极倡导者。他曾经叫嚣,要“以一切可能利用的手段来对共产党国家实行大规模报复”的战略计划。
作为美国出席日内瓦会议代表团团长,他在制定与会方针时,特别强调要孤立和打击中国代表团,不许跟中国代表团人员接触,包括不许跟中国代表团人员握手。
日内瓦会议开幕那天,英国外交大臣艾登入场后,首先来到莫洛托夫面前跟他握手。莫洛托夫当即把艾登介绍给周恩来,两人随即握手致意,气氛顿时变得非常和谐,在场的记者按动快门,记录下这一场面。
第三天是艾登担任会议主席。
受头一天场面的启发,艾登想照莫洛托夫那样,介绍杜勒斯跟周恩来握手。
艾登事先通过杜勒斯把这个想法告诉了宦乡,想先征求一下周恩来的意见。如果周恩来同意,艾登再去跟杜勒斯商量。
宦乡把英国人的意思向周恩来作了汇报,周恩来表示同意艾登的建议。
艾登于是去征询杜勒斯的意见。
杜勒斯却表示,他不能接受艾登的建议,而且他还对艾登跟周恩来的接触非常不满。
结果让艾登讨了个没趣。
在会议期间,除了美国人之外,其他代表团跟中国代表团的交往大都比较融洽,虽然会议之上难免有尖锐的交锋,但会里会外的礼节还是讲究的。相反,杜勒斯却感到很窘,会议开始刚一个星期便打道回府,由副国务卿史密斯留下应付门面。
事实上,在这样一个大型多边国际会议上,代表团之间完全不接触几乎是不可能的。
7月18日,举行第23次限制性会议。
会议休息期间,大家来到休息厅闲谈。因为中间有20多天的休会,大家再次见面,相互问候。
这时,史密斯主动来到担任周恩来翻译的浦寿昌跟前交谈。周恩来看到后,走过来跟他打招呼,并向他伸过手去。
史密斯大概是碍于杜勒斯不许跟中国代表团人员握手的规矩,没好作表示。这当然有失风度和外交礼仪。对此,史密斯感到非常难堪。
解密档案中记录了这次谈话:
史密斯:你这次作了很远的旅行,又绕了很远的路回来。(指周恩来休会期间对印度和缅甸的访问———作者注)
周恩来:是的。欢迎你回来。
史密斯:我的夫人对于你送的书非常喜爱,她要我向你致谢。我希望我们两国会趋向于更好的相互了解。
周恩来:我也希望如此。
随后,周恩来过去跟法国外长交谈,史密斯很不好意思地凑上来,插话道:“每次我走近周恩来先生,记者就会说我和周恩来先生握手了。”
周恩来答道:“我已经伸出手来了。”
史密斯赶紧辩解:“我刚才一手拿香烟,一手拿杯子。下回我会伸得比您快。”
周恩来淡淡一笑,没予理会。
第二天,日内瓦会议结束。各国代表团来到休息室相互道别。史密斯也来了。
当周恩来走进休息室的时候,史密斯赶紧上来搭话:“我刚才怕讨论下去又要发生分歧,这样简短结束很好。”
史密斯说着,伸出右手握住周恩来的左臂,这样,既没有破了杜勒斯不准跟中国人握手的规矩,又弥补了昨天的失礼。
转自铁血社区

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