Esim - 香鴨歷史教室--土希關係Turkey&Greece(第二十九刊)
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香鴨歷史教室--土希關係Turkey&Greece(第二十九刊) (Fun)
Posted 10 years ago by
DubyJacobLee    
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我們都知道特洛伊戰爭的傳說
但此處我們只寫出歷史時記考據出的東西

特洛伊戰爭真有其事
古希臘麥錫尼文明亞該亞人(希臘語:Αχαιοί)與小亞細亞城邦特洛伊(Τροία )的衝突
時間點在西元前十三世紀~西元前十二世紀間
詳細內容並不清楚
這是歷史有紀錄第一次的土希衝突

往後希臘與土耳其都未有過較明顯的衝突

時間拉到14世紀
1356希臘北部色雷斯地區當時被鄂圖曼土耳其攻下
(色雷斯當時為拜占庭帝國之領土)
在十四世紀末巴爾幹部分國家脫離了塞爾維亞的統治其中包括希臘
在1380年代希臘部份領主已向土耳其投誠

1458年鄂圖曼土耳其證世掌控整個希臘北部
1460年希臘絕大部分已受土耳其控制

1814年解放希臘的地下組織[友誼社]成立
1821年3月23希臘起義軍收復港口城市--卡拉馬塔
時至三月底,戰事已遍及整個伯羅奔尼撒半島
整座半島大多被起義軍控制

1822年在希俄斯島(距土耳其海岸僅7公里)的戰事造成總共2萬人死亡
其中多為島民及起義軍
引起了歐洲各國的關注

之後起義軍內部分歧導致內戰
致使土耳其重新收付許多地區

1827年英國.法國.俄國簽訂<<倫敦條約>>
呼籲鄂圖曼土耳其在保留宗主權下容許希臘人自治
三國又共同派遣艦隊到希臘,意圖促成希土停戰
聯合艦隊在1827年10月20日的納瓦里諾海戰中摧毀了鄂圖曼和埃及的聯合艦隊

1828年第八次俄土戰爭爆發
同年法國出兵伯羅奔尼撒,希臘人趁機反攻
1829年9月俄土雙方簽訂<<亞得里亞堡條約>>
1832年土耳其承認希臘獨立
英法俄推舉巴伐利亞王子奧托一世做希臘王國國王

土希衝突(賽普勒斯)

早在西元前16世紀時賽普勒斯就有來自希臘的移民
西元前709年~西元前525年被亞述.埃及.波斯人統治
西元前58年被羅馬統治了將近400年
西元395年屬於拜占庭帝國
西元1489年屬於威尼斯共和國
西元1571年被奧斯曼帝國佔領
西元1878年被英國人統治
西元1925年成為英國殖民地

1959年二月英國希臘土耳其簽訂了<<蘇黎世-倫敦協定>>和<<聯盟條約>>
當中保證了賽普勒斯的獨立地位

1960年8月16日賽普勒斯共和國宣告成立
1974年土希兩族因為制憲問題爆發嚴重的流血衝突造成土耳其政府有理由入侵賽普勒斯
1975年2月,土耳其人在土耳其政府的入侵下在尼古西亞以北建立了北賽普勒斯土耳其共和國

聯合國為了解決賽普勒斯問題於2004年在賽普勒斯舉行統一公投
但此公投並未通過原因是南賽普勒斯的經濟狀況比北賽普勒斯好.人口也比北賽多
在國際間的活動空間範圍較大
北賽因經濟狀況極差想與南賽統一但在國際上被孤立且人口較少
導致此一公投並未過關

現在
北賽(僅土耳其承認)由土耳其人控制
南賽(多為希臘人,受到普遍國家承認)於2004年5月1日成為歐盟會員國

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