Esim - 香鴨歷史教室--地理大發現 既是文明亦是野蠻(第三十三刊)
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香鴨歷史教室--地理大發現 既是文明亦是野蠻(第三十三刊) (Fun)
Posted 10 years ago by
DubyJacobLee    
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**歷史可以被原諒但不能被遺忘**

**人們從歷史中得到的教訓就是我們從來不曾從歷史裡記取教訓**


好奇乃是人類的天性


從古至今我們就一直渴望並追求未知的知識
從古至今人們就無法停止前往未知區域探索


今天我們就來談談影響今日世界極為巨大的"地理大發現"吧

自古以來東西的貿易往來亦直有著兩條貿易路線
一是從紅海或波斯灣(埃及或伊拉克)到東方的海路
另一則是著名的[絲綢之路]簡稱[絲路]

由於鄂圖曼帝國的崛起與擴張
往來東西方的歐洲商人越來越難從中獲取利益甚至無法貿易
由於商人無利可圖因此他們開始試著尋找新的貿易路線通往亞洲

最一開始是葡萄牙的恩里克王子(航海家亨利)
他為了與西非貿易因此計畫探索西非海岸線(北非亦是伊斯蘭勢力範圍)

1415~1416,恩里克王子曾兩度派人去探索加那利群島(Islas Canarias)(西北非海岸外)
1448年,恩里克下令在北緯20度左右的阿爾金島(Arguim)建立據點
這成為了歐洲人在西非海岸建立的第一個殖民據點
在二十年內葡萄牙用武力取得了撒哈拉地區的控制權並開始在現今的塞內加爾地區進行黃金與奴隸貿易

1487年葡萄牙人巴爾托洛梅烏·迪亞士(Bartolomeu Dias)受葡萄牙國王委託前去尋找非洲大陸的最南端
1488年2月3日船隊進入非洲南端的莫塞爾灣並發現了非洲最南端的厄加勒斯角(Cabo das Agulhas)與西南端的風暴角
風暴角即是今日著名的好望角(Cabo da Boa Esperança)這也意味著進入印度洋的航線已被發現

1498年葡萄牙人瓦斯科·達伽馬(Vasco da Gama)藉由一位熟悉西印度洋季風規律的回教徒領航員之助
發現了通往印度的新航線成為了歷史上第一位從歐洲航海到印度的人

義大利人哥倫布在到處遊說了十幾年後在1492年終於受到西班牙女王伊莎貝拉一世的資助下成功"發現新大陸"

1519年葡萄牙人費南多·德·麥哲倫(Fernão de Magalhães)在西班牙國王卡洛斯一世的答應下出航準備繞駛地球一周
1521年麥哲倫插手菲律賓土著之間的衝突, 後來便死於土著的衝突中(4月27日)
1522年9月6日麥哲倫船隊剩下的水手中於駛回西班牙
這一趟環遊世界從出發的5艘船艦共270人到最後剩一艘船18人共耗時約三年


征服美洲

1521年西班牙人埃爾南·科爾特斯(Hernán Cortés)消滅了墨西哥的阿茲特克文明
此後西班牙人開始向南部的印加帝國進行侵略
1533年法蘭西斯克·皮薩羅(Francisco Pizarro)攻陷印加帝國首都庫斯科消滅了南美的印加文明
在歐洲人強大火力的侵略與未知疾病(對美洲原住民而言)的襲捲下美洲古文明迅速殞落

完畢


歌曲放送:龍的傳人
這是我唱音準最準的歌.整守大約7~8成是準的

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