Esim - 转帖 狗咬吕洞宾的另一版本:"狗咬"实为"苟杳"系人名
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姓吕的不仅有人,也有“神仙”。在中国,“八仙之首”的吕洞宾可谓家喻户晓,在民间威望极高。
  历史上是否确有吕洞宾其人?他为何能成仙?另外,为啥“狗”不咬别人,专咬吕洞宾呢?

  两种身份

  关于吕洞宾身世,学界存在两种说法

  传说中,吕洞宾的神仙形象广受喜爱。宗教学者马晓宏介绍,吕洞宾在历史上确有其人,原名叫“吕绍先”。据介绍,吕绍先是唐代河中府永乐县(今山西芮城)人,祖父吕渭官居礼部侍郎,父亲吕让官至海州刺史。

  武曌天授二年(公元691年),已经46岁却已三次科举落榜的他,又到京城赴试,在一家酒肆被“正阳祖师”钟离权点化,到终南山修道,改名为岩,字洞宾,开始云游传道。因为在民间影响巨大,他64岁时被御赐“纯阳子”名号。

  民间流传最广的说法则称,吕洞宾原本是李唐宗室。武则天称帝后,大肆捕杀李唐宗室,其中一位宗室子弟隐居丹山石洞,改姓吕。因住在山洞,更名为岩,字洞宾。

  杂耍之祖

  玩杂耍的、剃头的,祖师爷都是吕洞宾

  民间对吕洞宾的崇拜,到了什么程度?纯阳门第24代弟子袁吉安介绍,不仅道教人士尊吕洞宾为祖,杂耍艺人、药贩子、剃头匠、制香人、卖豆人、磨镜人、修鞋匠甚至乞丐,都尊他为祖师爷。

  传说当时有个举人名叫纪晓堂,遭人陷害后经历千难万险,到终南山拜在了吕洞宾门下。然而,纪晓堂虽然心诚,但吕洞宾认为他不是成仙的料,便只教了他三百六十套杂耍技艺,也就是今天杂技的前身。

  吕洞宾是修道之人,少不了有灵丹妙药,民间也流传了不少他让人“起死回生”的故事。药贩子就拿他做祖师爷。

  此外,吕洞宾被剃头匠尊为祖师爷,也与一个传说故事有关。相传,古代有位皇帝对剃头匠十分挑剔,稍微觉得不舒服,就将剃头匠砍头。后来,一位名叫罗真的剃头匠受到吕洞宾庇护,才保住了性命。从此,理发行业便将吕洞宾视为祖师爷。

  狗咬吕洞宾

  歇后语的两种说法

  说起吕洞宾,人们多会想起一个歇后语:狗咬吕洞宾,不识好人心。

  传说,吕洞宾成仙后,在一处河边看到一名男子淹死在河里。他捞尸上岸,杀了路边一条狗,取出狗心装入男子体内救活了这名男子。不料男子醒来后破口大骂:“我本想死,为何要救我?”吕洞宾无奈,用泥土捏了个心脏填进狗的胸膛,狗复活后张口向吕洞宾咬去。后来,这个故事被人们流传为“狗咬吕洞宾,不识好人心”。

  不过,马晓宏却讲了另外一个截然不同的故事:传说吕洞宾成仙之前屡试不中,与同乡苟杳结为异姓兄弟。吕洞宾见苟杳一表人才,便帮他娶妻,并资助他进京赶考。后来,苟杳果然金榜题名做了大官,而吕洞宾却因家中失火,搭了一间茅屋生活。

  吕洞宾决定找苟杳帮忙,但在苟杳家一待月余,一分钱也没得到。吕洞宾以为对方忘恩负义,一气之下回到家中,才发现苟杳不仅给他家盖了新房,还送给他一堆金银财宝。

  从此以后,吕苟两家倍加亲热,“苟杳吕洞宾,不识好人心”的故事也渐渐传了出去。因“苟杳”与“狗咬”同音,后来就变成了“狗咬吕洞宾,不识好人心”。

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